Japanese essentials
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あずかる
to keep, to look after
Verb
Kare wa watashi no nimotsu o azukatte kuremashita
He took care of my luggage for me.
Watashi wa tomodachi no neko o isshuukan azukaru koto ni narimashita
I agreed to take care of my friend's cat for a week.
ふせぐ
to prevent, to guard against
Verb
Kare wa ame o fusegu tame ni kasa o motte kita
He brought an umbrella to protect himself from the rain.
Uirusu kansen o fusegu tame ni masuku o chakuyou shimashou
Wear a mask to prevent virus infection.
かくす
to hide
Verb
Kare wa hontou no kimochi o kakusu no ga tokui da
He is good at hiding his true feelings.
Watashi wa saifu o heya no sumi ni kakushita
I hid my wallet in the corner of the room.
うかる
to pass (an examination)
Verb
Shiken ni ukaru tame ni isshoukenmei benkyou shite iru
I am studying hard to pass the exam.
Kare wa muzukashii shikaku shiken ni ukatta
He passed a difficult qualification exam.
to spill
Verb
Kōhī o koborete shimatta
I accidentally spilled the coffee.
Kanojo wa namida ga koboreru no o osaeru koto ga dekimasen deshita
She couldn't stop her tears from overflowing.
はなしかける
to speak, to talk to
Verb
Tomodachi ga nayande iru toki, kigaru ni hanashikakete hagemashi no kotoba o kakete agemashou
When your friend is troubled, feel free to talk to them and offer encouraging words.
Atarashii kurasu de wa, sekkyokuteki ni hoka no hito ni hanashikakete tomodachi o tsukuru koto ga taisetsu da
In a new class, it is important to actively talk to others and make friends.
to make a fuss of, to treat with affection
Verb
Kanojo wa watashi ga katte iru inu o totemo kawaigatte imasu
She really loves the dog I am keeping.
Ojiichan wa mago o totemo kawaigatte ita
Grandfather used to adore his grandchildren very much.
あきる
to lose interest, to tire of
Verb
Ano eiga wa nando mo mitemo akiru koto ga nai
I never get tired of watching that movie, no matter how many times I watch it.
Kare wa sugu ni atarashii mono ni akite shimau
He quickly gets tired of new things.
to get out of the way
Verb
Doku no aru hebi ni kamareta.
I was bitten by a venomous snake.
Kono kusuri ni wa doku ga arimasu kara, toriatsukai ni chuui shite kudasai.
This medicine contains poison, so please handle it with caution.
とく
to mix (with liquid)
Verb
Tamago o yoku toite kara, kiji ni kuwaete kudasai
Beat the eggs well and then add them to the dough.
Sato o bataa ni tokashikomu
Dissolve the sugar into the butter.
おう
to run after, to chase
Verb
Kare o ou imi ga wakaranai
I don't understand the meaning of chasing him.
Keisatsu ga hannin o otteimasu
The police are chasing the perpetrator.
たおす
to knock down, to pull down
Verb
Kare wa kabe ni kakatte iru e o taoshite shimatta
He accidentally knocked down the picture hanging on the wall.
Tsuyoi teki o taosu ni wa icchi danketsu ga hitsuyou da
Unity is essential to defeat a strong enemy.
ひっくりかえす
to turn something over
Verb
Kare wa kyouretsu na panchi de hikkurikaesareta
He was knocked over by a strong punch.
Kanojo wa shokku o ukete ashi ga hikkurikaetta
Her legs were knocked over in shock.
ほす
to dry
Verb
Sentakumono o hosu tame ni barukonii ni dashita.
I went out to the balcony to hang out the laundry.
Sakana o hosu shite hozonryo o tsukuru koto ga dekimasu.
You can make preserved food by drying fish.
to smell
Verb
Kanojo wa atarashii kagu o kaitai to omotte iru
She is thinking of buying new furniture.
Kare wa kagu o erabu no ni jikan ga kakarimashita
It took him a long time to choose furniture.
くずれる
to collapse, to give way
Verb
Kabe ga totsuzen kuzureta
The wall suddenly collapsed.
Doshakuzure no tame ni douro ga kuzureteita
The road had collapsed due to a landslide.
すごす
to spend
Verb
Shuumatsu wa ie de yukkuri sugosu tsumori desu
I plan to spend the weekend relaxing at home.
Kyou no gogo o toshokan de sugosu yotei desu
I plan to spend this afternoon at the library.
かわる
to replace, to substitute
Verb
Kanojo ga watashi no kawari ni shusseki shite kuremashita.
She attended on my behalf.
Kono kippu wa ikkai dake densha o norikawaru koto ga dekiru.
This ticket allows you to transfer trains only once.
さがす
to look for
Verb
Kare wa atarashii shigoto o sagashiteimasu.
He is searching for a new job.
Kanojo wa yukuefumei no neko o sagashimashita.
She searched for the missing cat.
そめる
to dye
Verb
Kanojo wa kami o pinku ni somemashita
She dyed her hair pink.
Kouyou ga yama o utsukushiku somete iru
The autumn leaves are beautifully coloring the mountain.
はずれる
to come off/out, to be out of place
Verb
Michi kara hazureru to, kanari kiken desu
It's quite dangerous to stray from the path.
Kare no yosou wa mattaku hazureteimashita
His predictions were completely off.
つめる
to fill, to pack
Verb
Suutsuke-su ni nimotsu o tsumeru
Pack the luggage into the suitcase.
Hikkoshi no toki, hako ni hon o tsumeta
When moving, I packed the books into boxes.
けずる
to sharpen, to shave
Verb
Kono enpitsu o kezutte tsukaeru you ni shimasu
I will sharpen this pencil so it can be used.
Kare wa shinbun o yonde yobun na bubun o kezurimashita
He read the newspaper and trimmed the unnecessary parts.
のぼる
to ascend
Verb
Noboru asahi wa utsukushii
The rising morning sun is beautiful.
Kinben sa ni yotte kare wa kaisha de noboru koto ni seikou shita
Thanks to his diligence, he succeeded in getting a promotion at the company.
つうじる
to get through to, to be connected
Verb
Eigo wa sekaijuu de tsuujiru gengo desu
English is a language that is understood all around the world.
Kare no kimochi wa kotoba ni shinakute mo tsuujiru
His feelings are understood without having to put them into words.
うえる
to plant
Verb
Niwa ni hana o ueru koto ni shimashita
I decided to plant flowers in the garden.
Kudamono no ki o ueru no ga suki desu
I like planting fruit trees.
つたわる
to be introduced
Verb
Kare no kimochi ga tsutawaru kotoba wa totemo kokoro ni nokoru mono datta.
The words that conveyed his feelings were very memorable.
Watashi no omoi ga kare ni tsutawaru ka dou ka wakaranai.
I don't know if my feelings will reach him.
おこなう
to carry out, to hold
Verb
Koushuukai o okonau yotei desu.
We plan to conduct a training session.
Teikiteki ni tenken o okonau koto ga juuyou desu.
It is important to conduct regular inspections.
すべる
to slip, to be slippery
Verb
Ame de michi ga suberi yasuku natte iru node chuui shite kudasai
Please be careful as the road has become slippery due to rain.
Kare wa kotta ike de subette koronde shimatta
He slipped and fell on the frozen pond.
こむ
to be crowded
Verb
Densha ga komu jikantai o sakete idou shita hou ga ii desu
It's better to avoid crowded trains and travel at off-peak times.
Kono resutoran wa itsumo konde iru node, yoyaku ga osusume desu
This restaurant is always crowded, so reservations are recommended.
やぶれる
to be torn/ripped
Verb
Yabureta kutsushita o koukan subeki desu.
You should replace the torn socks.
Yabureta fuusen ga yuka ni ochita.
The burst balloon fell to the floor.
よごす
to make something dirty
Verb
Shiroi shatsu o koohii de yogoshite shimatta
I accidentally stained my white shirt with coffee.
Tomodachi ga atarashii kutsu o doro de yogosareta
My friend's new shoes were dirtied with mud.
おれる
to break
Verb
Enpitsu ga orete shimatta
The pencil broke.
Kaze ga tsuyokute, kasa ga oreru kamo shiremasen
The wind is so strong that the umbrella might break.
よう
to get drunk
Verb
Amari ni mo akurobatto na ugoki ni mite iru dake de yotte shimau
Just watching the overly acrobatic moves makes me feel dizzy.
Kare wa osake o nomu to sugu ni yotte shimau
He gets drunk quickly when he drinks alcohol.
ひろげる
to widen, to enlarge
Verb
Chizu o hirogete michi o shirabeta
I spread the map and checked the route.
Teeburu no ue ni shinbun o hirogeta
I spread the newspaper on the table.
いかす
to make good use of
Verb
Sono sainou o ikasu shigoto o mitsuketai
I want to find a job that utilizes my talents.
Konkai no kyoukun o ikashite tsugi ni tsunageyou
Let's use the lessons learned this time to connect to the next.
こしかける
to sit down
Verb
Eki no benchi de chotto koshikakeru.
Sit down for a moment on a bench at the station.
Kouen no shibafu ni koshikakete o-bentou o tabemashita.
I sat down on the grass in the park and ate my lunch box.
はれる
to swell, to become swollen
Verb
Ashi ga hareru to aruku no ga konnan ni naru
When the foot swells, it becomes difficult to walk.
Kinou mushi ni sasarete, te ga harete shimatta
I was bitten by a bug yesterday, and my hand swelled up.
あたためる
to warm, to heat
Verb
Kaze o hiite iru node, karada o atatameru koto ga taisetsu da
Since I have a cold, it is important to warm up my body.
Koohii wa sameyasui node, nomu mae ni atatame naosu koto ga yoku aru
Coffee cools down easily, so it's common to reheat it before drinking.
やくにたつ
to be useful, to be of help
Verb
Kono jouhou wa shourai yaku ni tatsu kamoshiremasen
This information might be useful in the future.
Kare no jogen wa totemo yaku ni tachimashita
His advice was very helpful.
はえる
to grow, to come out
Verb
Ha ga haeru no o matteimasu
I am waiting for my teeth to grow.
Niwa ni hana ga haeru no ga suki desu
I like it when flowers grow in the garden.
はかる
to measure
Verb
Kare wa ki no takasa o hakaru koto ga dekita
He was able to measure the height of the tree.
Sūpāmāketto de yasai no omosa o hakaru
Weighing the vegetables in the supermarket.
こおる
to freeze, to become frozen
Verb
Sakuya wa totemo samukatta no de, mizu ga koori shimatta.
It was so cold last night that the water froze.
Fuyu ni naru to, mizuumi ga kooru koto ga aru.
In winter, the lake sometimes freezes over.
かよう
to go to and from, to commute
Verb
Mainichi gakkou ni kayotte imasu
I attend school every day.
Kare wa shuumatsu ni wa jimu ni kayotte imasu
He goes to the gym on weekends.
かう
to keep/to have (animals)
Verb
Inu o kau koto ni shimashita.
I decided to keep a dog.
Tomodachi wa takusan no neko o katteimasu.
My friend has many cats.
ひきうける
to take on, to undertake
Verb
Kare wa sono shigoto o hikiukeru koto ni shita
He decided to take on the job.
Watashi wa hikiukeru sekinin o mattou suru tsumori desu
I intend to fulfill the responsibility I have taken on.
to feel refreshed/relieved
Verb
Furoagari ni sappari suru no ga kimochi ii
It feels refreshing and pleasant after getting out of the bath.
Kono sekken de te o aratta ato, sappari suru kankaku ga suki da
I like the refreshing feeling after washing my hands with this soap.
たりる
to be enough
Verb
Okane ga tarinai node, kaimono ga dekimasen
I don't have enough money, so I can't go shopping.
Tabemono ga tarinaku natte kita node, suupaa ni ikanai to ikemasen
We are running out of food, so we have to go to the supermarket.
すむ
to be over/done
Verb
Youji ga sumu made matte kudasai
Please wait until the task is finished.
Shiharai ga sundara, shouhin o uketorimasu
After the payment is done, I will receive the product.
しはらう
to pay
Verb
Kougaku na iryouhi o shiharau no wa taihen da.
It is difficult to pay for high medical expenses.
Kare wa maitsuki yachin o kichinto shiharatte imasu.
He pays his rent on time every month.
とれる
to come off
Verb
Saikin, shigoto no puresshaa de nakanaka nemureru jikan ga torenai.
Recently, I can't get enough sleep due to work pressure.
Kyou wa gogo kara jikan ga toreta no de, tomodachi to eiga o mi ni iku yotei da.
Since I have some free time this afternoon, I plan to go watch a movie with my friend.
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