Japanese essentials
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こえる
to go over, to pass through
Verb
Yama o koeru noni jikan ga kakatta
It took time to cross the mountain.
Kono hashi o koeru to, machi no chuushin ni tadoritsuku
If you cross this bridge, you will reach the center of the town.
かれる
to wither and die
Verb
Kono shokubutsu wa mizu ga tarizu ni kareru shimatta
This plant has withered due to lack of water.
Ki ga kansou shite kareru no o fusegu tame ni, tekido na mizuyari ga taisetsu desu
Proper watering is important to prevent trees from drying out and withering.
ちる
to fall, to scatter
Verb
Hana ga kaze ni chiru no o mite iru to, haru ga owari ni chikadzuite iru koto o kanjimasu.
Watching the flowers scatter in the wind, I can feel that spring is drawing to a close.
Sanpo-chuu ni michi zoi ni chiru ochiba o fumu oto ga kokochiyoi desu.
The sound of stepping on fallen leaves scattered along the path during a walk is pleasant.
むかう
to head toward
Verb
Eki ni mukatte aruiteimasu
I am walking towards the station.
Daigaku ni mukatte kuruma de ikimasu
I will go to the university by car, heading towards it.
みなおす
to look again, to re-examine
Verb
Keikaku o minaosu hitsuyou ga aru kamoshirenai
We might need to review the plan.
Yosan o minaosu koto de, muda na shuppi o sakugen dekiru
By reviewing the budget, we can reduce unnecessary expenses.
のこす
to leave
Verb
Shokuji no ryou ga ookatta node, watashi wa hanbun nokosu koto ni shimashita
The amount of food was too much, so I decided to leave half of it.
Kare wa watashi ni dengon o nokoshite dekakemashita
He left a message for me and went out.
ゆるす
to forgive
Verb
Kanojo ga uwaki o shita toshitemo, watashi wa kanojo o yurusu darou.
Even if she cheats on me, I would probably forgive her.
Kimi ga sono ayamachi o mitomereba, watashi wa yurusu koto ga dekiru.
If you admit your mistake, I can forgive you.
へる
to decrease
Verb
Ōame de suii ga agatta ga, yagate suii wa heru darou.
The water level has risen due to the heavy rain, but it will eventually decrease.
Hitobito ga setsuyaku ishiki o mochi hajimeta koto de, enerugii shouhi ga hette iru.
As people have started to be more conscious about saving energy, energy consumption has decreased.
のせる
to carry, to load
Verb
Kanojo wa nimotsu o kuruma ni noseta
She put the luggage in the car.
Kono hon niwa takusan no shashin ga noserareteimasu
Many photos are included in this book.
to shave
Verb
Kare wa hige o soru tame ni atarashii kamisori o katta.
He bought a new razor to shave his beard.
Nebokeme de hige o sorou to kega shichatta.
I injured myself while trying to shave my beard with sleepy eyes.
おいつく
to catch up
Verb
Kare ga hayaku hashiru node, oitsuku no wa muzukashii
It's difficult to catch up with him since he runs so fast.
Shigoto ga tamatte iru tame, nakanaka oitsukanai
I can't catch up because work is piled up.
ける
to kick
Verb
Kare wa bōru o tsuyoku ketta.
He kicked the ball strongly.
Kanojo wa ishi o kette ikari o arawashita.
She kicked the stone to show her anger.
to bump, to collide with
Verb
Kanojo wa isoide ita node, kado o magatta toki ni watashi ni butsukatta
She was in a hurry, so she bumped into me when she turned the corner.
Eki no hoomu de ukkari suutsukeesu ni butsukatte shimatta
I accidentally bumped into a suitcase on the train platform.
はらいもどす
to give a refund
Verb
Kono shouhin wa ki ni iranakereba, ten'in ni haraimodosu koto ga dekimasu
If you don't like this product, you can return it to the store clerk.
Moshi ibento ga kyanseru sare tara, chiketto dai wa zengaku haraimodosaremasu
If the event is cancelled, the ticket price will be fully refunded.
のびる
to be extended
Verb
Ame no sei de shiai ga nobiru koto ni natta
The match was postponed due to the rain.
Shimekiri ga nobiru to, Satou-san wa tasukatta
When the deadline was extended, Sato was saved.
にあう
to suit
Verb
Sono boushi ga totemo niatte iru ne
That hat really suits you.
Kanojo niwa pinku no doresu ga ni au deshou
A pink dress would suit her well.
to be irritated
Verb
Densha ga okurete ite, iraira suru
The train is running late, and it's making me impatient.
Kanojo wa matasareru to iraira suru koto ga aru
She sometimes gets irritated when she has to wait.
あせをかく
to sweat
Verb
Undou o suru to sugu ni ase o kaku.
When I exercise, I sweat quickly.
Atsui hi wa takusan ase o kaite shimau.
On hot days, I end up sweating a lot.
ことわる
to decline, to refuse
Verb
Sono moushide o kotowaru riyuu ga nai.
There is no reason to refuse that offer.
Kare wa paatii e no shoutai o kotowatta.
He refused the invitation to the party.
to chew
Verb
Ringo o kamu oto ga kikoeta.
I heard the sound of someone biting into an apple.
Kare wa koufun shite tsume o kande ita.
He was biting his nails in excitement.
たす
to add
Verb
San tasu ni wa go desu.
3 plus 2 is 5.
Kare wa watashi no aidea ni kare no aidea mo tasu te teian suru koto ni shita.
He decided to propose by adding his idea to my idea.
うけとる
to receive
Verb
Kanojo wa watashi kara okurimono o uketorimashita
She received a gift from me.
Yuubinkyoku de kozutsumi o uketoru hitsuyou ga arimasu
I need to pick up the parcel at the post office.
いわう
to celebrate
Verb
Kare no tanjoubi o issho ni iwau yotei da.
We plan to celebrate his birthday together.
Sotsugyou o minna de iwaishimashita.
We all celebrated the graduation.
to save
Verb
Chokin o tameru tame ni, mudazukai o yamemashita.
I stopped wasting money in order to save up.
Kono puuru ni mizu o tameru no ni dorekurai no jikan ga kakarimasu ka?
How long does it take to fill this pool with water?
ほる
to dig
Verb
Ana o horu no ni tebukuro ga hitsuyou da.
Gloves are necessary for digging a hole.
Kare wa ie no niwa de yasai o saibai suru tame ni tsuchi o hotta.
He dug the soil in his garden to cultivate vegetables.
つける
to wear, to put on
Verb
Tekubi ni tokei o tsukeru
To put a watch on the wrist.
Kanojo wa kubi ni nekkuresu o tsukete iru
She is wearing a necklace around her neck.
にる
to boil, to cook
Verb
Yasai o niru mae ni, kichinto aratte kudasai
Please wash the vegetables thoroughly before boiling them.
Sakana o niru toki wa, dashi de aji o tsukeru to oishii desu yo
When boiling fish, it's delicious to season it with dashi.
うけつける
to accept
Verb
Ishano yoyaku o uke-tsukeru made matteimasu.
I am waiting until the doctor's appointment is accepted.
Kare wa watashi no iken o mattaku uke-tsuke nakatta.
He did not accept my opinion at all.
いやがる
to hate
Verb
Kare wa byouin ni iku no o iyagatte iru
He is reluctant to go to the hospital.
Imouto wa kurai basho o iyagaru
My younger sister dislikes dark places.
いのる
to pray
Verb
Kouun o inoru tame ni o-mairi ni itta.
I went to pray for good luck.
Yuujin no seikou o inoru messeeji o okutta.
I sent a message to pray for my friend's success.
とびだす
to dash/fly out
Verb
Kyuu ni kodomo ga douro ni tobidashite kita.
Suddenly, a child jumped out onto the road.
Kuruma ga yokogiru mae ni totsuzen neko ga tobidashita.
A cat suddenly jumped out before the car crossed the road.
ふくらむ
Tango swell, to expand
Verb
Fūsen ga yukkuri to fukuramu yōsu o mite ita.
I was watching the balloon slowly inflate.
Kare no hanashi o kiku to, kitai ga fukuramu.
Listening to his story makes my expectations grow.
つむ
to pile up, to stack
Verb
Nimotsu ga heya no sumi ni tsumarete iru.
The luggage is piled up in the corner of the room.
Chishiki o tsumu koto wa isshou no zaisan ni naru.
Accumulating knowledge becomes a lifelong treasure.
くれる
to get dark
Verb
Yuugureru toki, kouen de sanpo suru no ga suki desu.
I like taking a walk in the park when evening falls.
Fuyu no hi ga kureru no o miru no wa sabishii kimochi ni naru koto ga aru.
Watching the winter day fade can sometimes make me feel lonely.
きせる
to dress, to put on, to clothe
Verb
Kanojo ni atarashii youfuku o kisete agemashita
I dressed her in new clothes.
Inu ni kawaii fuku o kisemashita
I put a cute outfit on the dog.
やとう
to employ
Verb
Atarashii kaisha de takusan no hito o yatou yotei desu.
The new company plans to hire many people.
Kono kigyou wa kaigai kara senmonka o yatou koto ga yoku arimasu.
This company often hires experts from overseas.
うごかす
to move
Verb
Kare wa okurete iru node, hayaku ugokashi hajimemashita
He started moving quickly because he was late.
Anata wa douyatte omoi nimotsu o heyajuu ni ugokashita no desu ka?
How did you move the heavy luggage around the room?
あずける
to deposit, to entrust
Verb
Kagi o tomodachi ni azukeru koto ni shimashita
I decided to entrust the key to my friend.
Ryokou no aida, inu o petto hoteru ni azukemasu
During the trip, I will leave my dog at the pet hotel.
くばる
to hand out
Verb
Sensei ga tesuto no kekka o kubatteimasu
The teacher is distributing the test results.
Okashi o kodomotachi ni kubaru no ga tanoshii desu
It is fun to distribute sweets to children.
とける
to melt
Verb
Koori ga tokeru to mizu ni naru.
Ice melts and turns into water.
Chīzu ga netsu de tokeru to totemo oishii.
Cheese melts with heat and tastes very good.
to scratch
Verb
Kare wa sono tasuku o kaku koto ni kimeta
He decided to write that task.
Kanojo wa mainichi nikki o kaku no ga shuukan desu
Writing a diary every day is her habit.
まちがう
to be wrong, to mistake
Verb
Kare wa shiken de keisan o machigatta
He made a mistake in the calculation during the exam.
Machigatta michi ni haitte shimatta node, modoru hitsuyou ga aru
I took the wrong path, so I need to go back.
ぬう
to sew, to stitch
Verb
Kanojo wa botan o nuitsukeru no ga tokui da.
She is good at sewing buttons.
Kare wa zubon no suso o nutte mijikaku shita.
He sewed the hem of his pants to make them shorter.
くさる
to rot, to go bad
Verb
Reizouko no naka ni aru yasai ga kusatte shimatta
The vegetables in the refrigerator went bad.
Tabemono o houchi shite oku to, sugu ni kusaru darou
If you leave food out, it will spoil quickly.
ちかづく
to approach, to get near
Verb
Kanojo ni chikazuku no wa muzukashii you da
It seems difficult to approach her.
Chikyuu ondanka ga susumu ni tsurete hyouga ga toke, kaimen ga chikazuku
As global warming progresses, glaciers melt and the sea level gets closer.
おさえる
to hold (down), to press
Verb
Isogide kikai o osaeru koto ga hitsuyou da
It is necessary to seize the opportunity quickly.
Kare wa toushou ni kurushimi nagara, hara o osaeta
He held his stomach in pain from the severe ache.
to get wet
Verb
Ame ni nureru to kaze o hiki yasuku naru.
Getting wet in the rain makes it easier to catch a cold.
Uwagi o kinai de soto ni deru to nurete shimau.
If you go outside without a jacket, you will get wet.
つく
to have, to get (something on something)
Verb
Tegami ni kitte o tsukemashita
I put a stamp on the letter.
Nefuda ga shouhin ni chantoshiteimasu ka
Is the price tag properly attached to the product?
もやす
to burn
Verb
Ki o moyashite nukumori o torimashou
Let's burn wood to keep warm.
Gasu konro de moyasu to, shokuzai no aji ga hikidachi masu
When you burn it with a gas stove, the taste of the ingredients stands out.
つぶれる
to be crushed, to be smashed
Verb
Kare no kaisha wa kyonen tsuiborete shimatta
His company went bankrupt last year.
Sono purojekuto wa tochuu de tsuiboreta
The project collapsed halfway through.
きく
to be effective
Verb
Zutsuu yaku ga sugu ni kiku koto o negatteimasu
I hope the headache medicine works quickly.
Kono kusuri wa kaze ni kiku to iwareteimasu
This medicine is said to work for colds.
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