Japanese essentials
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われる
to break
Verb
Garasu ga warete, yuka ni chirabatte ita.
The glass broke and was scattered on the floor.
Jimen ni ochita kajitsu ga warete ita.
The fruit that fell on the ground was broken.
やすむ
to take a rest, to sleep, to be absent from, to take a vacation
Verb
Kyou wa tsukareta node, hayame ni yasumu koto ni shimashita
I decided to rest early today because I was tired.
Shuumatsu wa ie de yukkuri yasumu yotei desu
I plan to relax and rest at home on the weekend.
かりる
to borrow, to rent
Verb
Kare kara hon o karimashita.
I borrowed a book from him.
Tomodachi ni sukoshi no o-kane o karitai to omoimasu.
I'm thinking of borrowing a little money from a friend.
やめる
to stop doing, to abandon
Verb
Kono shigoto o yameru koto ni shimashita
I decided to quit this job.
Tabako o yameru beki desu
You should quit smoking.
あきらめる
to give up
Verb
Kare wa shiken ni goukaku suru koto o akirameta
He gave up on passing the exam.
Seikou suru tame ni wa, tochuu de akirameru koto o yokenakereba narimasen
To succeed, you must avoid giving up halfway.
しらべる
to investigate, to study, to search, to check up
Verb
Ashita no tenki o shirabete okimashou
Let's check the weather for tomorrow.
Kadai no tame ni shiryou o shirabeta
I researched materials for my assignment.
おこる
to occur
Verb
Jishin ga okoru kanousei ga aru.
There is a possibility of an earthquake occurring.
Koutsuu jiko ga okoru gen'in wa samazama da.
There are various causes for traffic accidents to occur.
みる
to see, to look at, to watch
Verb
Sono e o miru to, natsukashii omoi ga waite kuru
When I look at that picture, nostalgic feelings well up.
Mite kudasai, mado no soto ni utsukushii niji ga kakatte imasu
Please look, there's a beautiful rainbow outside the window.
ふる
to fall
Verb
Ame ga furu kamo shirenai kara, kasa o motte ikou
Let's bring an umbrella because it might rain.
Fuyu ni naru to, yuki ga furu
When winter comes, snow falls.
まがる
to bend, to curve, to turn
Verb
Kono michi o migi ni magatte kudasai
Please turn right on this road.
Shingou o hidari ni magaru to, eki ga miemasu
If you turn left at the traffic light, you can see the station.
いる
to keep, to be doing
Verb
Koko ni iru neko wa totemo kawaii desu
The cat that is here is very cute.
Kare wa heya ni iru hazu desu
He should be in the room.
つく
to arrive
Verb
Eki ni tsuku no ga osokatta tame, densha ni noriokuremashita
I arrived at the station late, so I missed the train.
Nimotsu ga buji ni atarashii ie ni tsukimashita
The luggage arrived safely at the new house.
しずむ
to sink, to feel depressed
Verb
Taiyou ga umi ni shizumu sugata wa utsukushii desu.
The sight of the sun sinking into the sea is beautiful.
Fune ga suimenka ni shizumu no o miru to kokoro ga itamu.
Watching a ship sink below the water surface breaks my heart.
むすぶ
to tie, to contract, to connect, to link
Verb
Nakama-tachi to kizuna o musubu.
Form bonds with friends.
Dōro ga kono hashi de kawa o musunde iru.
The road connects the river with this bridge.
しまる
to be closed, to be shut
Verb
Doa ga shimatte shimatta
The door has closed.
Densha no doa ga shimaru mae ni isoide notta
I hurriedly got on the train before the doors closed.
とぶ
to fly, to take to the air
Verb
Tori ga sora ni tonde imasu.
The birds are flying in the sky.
Kare wa hikouki de Amerika e tobimasu.
He will fly to America by airplane.
きれる
to cut off, to expire, to be sharp, to get mad
Verb
Denwa ga kireru mae ni tsutaetakatta koto ga arimasu.
There is something I wanted to tell you before the phone got disconnected.
Taiya ga totsuzen kirete, kuruma ga tomatte shimaimashita.
The tire suddenly burst, and the car came to a stop.
ぶつける
to hit against, to strike, to throw
Verb
Kare wa kabe ni kobushi o butsuketa
He hit the wall with his fist.
Kuruma ga denchuu ni butsukerareta
The car was crashed into an electric pole.
まげる
to bend, to curve, to twist
Verb
Take o mageru no wa muzukashii
It is difficult to bend bamboo.
Kare wa kinzoku o mageru gijutsu o motteiru
He has the skill to bend metal.
うつす
to move to, to transfer
Verb
Kare no hon o tana kara betsu no heya e utsusu
I will move his books from the shelf to another room.
Kanojo wa isu o migi ni utsusu you ni tanomareta
She was asked to move the chair to the right.
かかる
to depend on
Verb
Sono mondai wa kare no shourai ni kakawaru mono desu.
That issue is related to his future.
Kore wa watashi-tachi zen'in ni kakawaru mondai de ari, kaiketsu ga motomerarete imasu.
This is an issue that concerns us all, and a resolution is being sought.
はなす
to set free, to let go
Verb
Kare wa hato o hanashite heiwa o inotta.
He released the pigeon and prayed for peace.
Sono inu o ri-do kara hanasu beki de wa arimasen.
You should not let the dog off its leash.
うむ
to give birth, to produce, to yield
Verb
Kanojo wa sakunen, onnanoko o umimashita.
She gave birth to a girl last year.
Gyakkyou wa souzouryoku o umu koto ga arimasu.
Adversity can lead to creativity.
ためる
to save, to store up, to accumulate
Verb
Setsuyaku shite okane o tameru koto ga daiji da.
It's important to save money by economizing.
Kongo no byouki taisaku no tame ni, kenkou ni ki o tsukete seikatsu suru koto ga taisetsu desu.
It is important to live a healthy life in order to prepare for future illnesses.
ささえる
to support, to keep
Verb
Kare wa itsumo watashi o sasaete kuremasu
He always supports me.
Kazoku wa tagai ni sasaeau beki desu
Families should support each other.
あらわれる
to become visible, to show
Verb
Kanojo no kao ni yorokobi ga arawareta
Joy was expressed on her face.
Kare no taido ni fuman ga arawarete iru
Dissatisfaction is shown in his attitude.
わける
to divide, to separate, to classify
Verb
Kono kēki o minna ni wakete agetai
I want to share this cake with everyone.
Kanojo wa shiryou o bunyabetsu ni wakete seiri shita
She sorted the documents by dividing them into different fields.
しぬ
to die, to pass away
Verb
Kare wa byouki de wakakushite shinda.
He died young due to illness.
Sono eiga de wa, akuyaku ga saigo ni shinu.
In that movie, the villain dies in the end.
ためす
to test, to try
Verb
Kono gēmu wa ichido tameshite mite kudasai
Please try this game once.
Kare wa atarashii reshipi o tamesu koto ni shita
He decided to try out a new recipe.
かえる
to return
Verb
Shigoto ga owattara sugu ni ie ni kaerimasu
I will return home immediately after finishing work.
Kyuuka ga owari, gakkou ni kaeranakereba narimasen
After the vacation is over, I have to return to school.
よう
to get drunk, to become intoxicated
Verb
Sake ni you to, kare wa tanoshisou ni hanasu
When he gets drunk, he talks happily.
Kanojo wa fune ni yoi yasui
She gets seasick easily.
つくる
to make, to create, to produce
Verb
Kanojo wa mainichi o-bentou o tsukutteimasu
She makes lunch boxes every day.
Kare wa kibori no okimono o tsukuru no ga tokui desu
He is good at making wood-carved ornaments.
あつめる
to collect, to gather
Verb
Iroiro na kitte o atsumeru no ga shumi desu.
Collecting various stamps is my hobby.
Kare wa furui kouka o atsumeru koto ni muchuu desu.
He is absorbed in collecting old coins.
なれる
to get used to, to become skilled at
Verb
Kono shigoto ni nareru noni jikan ga kakarimashita
It took time to get used to this job.
Atarashii kankyou ni nareru no wa taihen desu ga, ganbarimashou
It's tough to get used to a new environment, but let's do our best.
とどく
to reach, to arrive
Verb
Tegami ga buji ni todoita
The letter arrived safely.
Okurimono wa ashita todoku yotei desu
The gift is scheduled to arrive tomorrow.
たよる
to depend on, to rely on
Verb
Kare ni tayoru shika nai
We have no choice but to rely on him.
Watashitachi wa chizu ni tayotte michi o mitsuketa
We found the way by relying on the map.
よぶ
to call, to invite, to attract (customers)
Verb
Kare o yonde kudasai.
Please call him.
Watashi no namae o yonda no wa dare desu ka?
Who called my name?
とめる
to give lodging
Verb
Tomodachi ga tomete kureta okage de, shukuhakuhi wo setsuyaku dekimashita.
Thanks to my friend letting me stay at their place, I was able to save on accommodation costs.
Gaikoku kara no okyaku-san wo ie ni tomeru tsumori desu.
I'm planning on having guests from abroad stay at my house.
さく
to tear
Verb
Kare wa kami o saite yaburisuteta.
He tore the paper and threw it away.
Sono ookina oto ga sora o saku you datta.
The loud sound seemed to split the sky.
さわぐ
to be noisy
Verb
Kodomo-tachi ga niwa de oosawagi shite iru
The children are making a big commotion in the garden.
Densha nai de sawagu no wa manā ihan desu
Making noise on the train is a breach of manners.
あずける
to leave a person or thing under somene's care, to deposit
Verb
Ginkou ni okane o azukeru koto ga dekimasu
You can deposit money in a bank.
Eki no koin rokkā ni nimotsu o azukeru
Leave the luggage in the coin locker at the station.
うつる
to move, to transfer
Verb
Kisetsu ga utsuru ni tsurete, keshiki mo kawaru
As the seasons change, so does the scenery.
Shigoto de iroiro na shin'ku ni utsuru koto ni natta
Due to work, I ended up moving to various areas.
そだつ
to grow up, to be brought up, to be raised
Verb
Kodomo ga kenkou ni sodatsu koto ga oya no negai desu
It is a parent's wish for their child to grow up healthy.
Kare wa utsukushii shizen no naka de sodachimashita
He grew up in beautiful nature.
かう
to keep animals
Verb
Inu o kau no ga yume datta
My dream was to raise a dog.
Kare wa neko o sanbiki katteimasu
He has three cats.
みとめる
to permit, to admit, to recognize
Verb
Kare wa jibun no ayamachi o mitomeru yuuki ga aru.
He has the courage to admit his own mistakes.
Kanojo wa kare no jitsuryoku o mitomezaru o enakatta.
She had no choice but to acknowledge his ability.
いれる
to put in, to include, to pour in
Verb
Kōhī ni satō o ireru
Put sugar in the coffee.
Kare wa atarashii denchi o ireta
He put in new batteries.
さげる
to lower, to hang, to pull back
Verb
Ondo o sageru hitsuyou ga arimasu
We need to lower the temperature.
Kare wa koe no boryuumu o sagemashita
He lowered the volume of his voice.
したがう
to follow, to obey, to go along with
Verb
Chichi no iken ni shitagatte shuushoku suru koto ni shita.
I decided to get a job following my father's advice.
Kisoku ni shitagatte koudou shinakereba naranai.
We must act in accordance with the rules.
ふく
to wipe
Verb
Fuku o kai ni ikou to omotte imasu
I'm thinking of going to buy clothes.
Kono fuku wa totemo kaiteki desu
These clothes are very comfortable.
へらす
to decrease, to reduce (transitive)
Verb
Denki-dai o herasu tame ni, setsuden ni tsutome mashou.
Let's strive to save electricity in order to reduce the electric bill.
Kosuto o herasu kufū ga hitsuyō desu.
We need ingenious ways to reduce costs.
たつ
to pass, to elapse
Verb
Kanojo wa eki no mae de tatsu
彼女は駅の前で立つ。
Atarashii biru ga soko ni tatsu
新しいビルがそこに建つ。
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