Japanese essentials
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しかる
to scold
Verb
Kare wa joushi ni shikarareta
He was scolded by his boss.
Haha wa kodomo-tachi o shikaru hitsuyou ga atta
The mother needed to scold the children.
とぶ
to jump, to leap
Verb
Kouen de kodomo-tachi ga tanoshisou ni tobu sugata o mikaketa.
I saw children happily jumping in the park.
Kare wa osanai koro, yoku kawa ni tobu renshuu o yatte ita.
When he was young, he often practiced jumping into the river.
かえす
to return, to restore (transitive)
Verb
Hon o toshokan ni kaesu no o wasureta.
I forgot to return the book to the library.
Kare wa kashita okane o kigen ni kaesu to yakusoku shimashita.
He promised to pay back the borrowed money by the deadline.
つつむ
to wrap, to veil, to envelop in
Verb
Kanojo wa purezento o kirei na hōsōshi de tsutsunda.
She wrapped the present in beautiful wrapping paper.
Kare wa sandoicchi o arumihoiru de tsutsunde motte itta.
He wrapped the sandwich in aluminum foil and took it with him.
きえる
to go out, to disappear, to vanish
Verb
Totsuzen kare no sugata ga kieta
Suddenly, his figure disappeared.
Kono yogore wa dou yatte mo kienai
This stain just won't come off no matter what I do.
はいる
to enter, to join, to contain, to accomodate
Verb
Atarashii kurasu ni hairu koto ni narimashita.
I will be joining a new class.
Kare ga watashitachi no chiimu ni hairu koto ga kimatta.
It's been decided that he will join our team.
くれる
to end, to get dark
Verb
Hi ga kureru to, machi wa utsukushii irumineeshon de kazararemasu
When the sun sets, the town is decorated with beautiful illuminations.
Yuuguredoki ni kouen de sanpo suru no ga suki desu
I like taking a walk in the park at dusk.
すむ
to become clear
Verb
Sankan no mizuumi wa kanzen ni sumin de ite, suizoko made mieru.
The mountain lake is completely clear, and you can see all the way to the bottom.
Ameagari no sora wa sukkari sun de, hoshi ga kagayaite iru.
The sky is completely clear after the rain, and the stars are shining.
ほめる
to praise, to commend
Verb
Kanojo wa itsumo watashi no ryouri o homete kureru.
She always praises my cooking.
Sensei wa, kare no doryoku o homemashita.
The teacher praised his effort.
はく
to put on (footwear)
Verb
Atarashii kutsu o haite gakkou e itta
I wore new shoes and went to school.
Kyou wa undou suru node, suniikaa o hakimasu
Since I will be exercising today, I'll wear sneakers.
ある
to be, to have
Verb
Aru hi, kare wa shigoto de daiseikou shimashita
One day, he achieved great success at work.
Kono heya no naka ni wa, aru imi ga arimasu
There is a certain meaning in this room.
たおれる
to fall down, to collapse
Verb
Tsukaresugite taorete shimatta
I was so tired that I collapsed.
Jishin de tatemono ga taoreru osore ga aru
There is a risk of buildings collapsing due to the earthquake.
くらべる
to compare
Verb
Kono futatsu no shouhin o kurabete, dochira ga ii ka o kangaete kudasai
Please compare these two products and think about which one is better.
Kanojo wa kare to watashi o kurabete iru you na ki ga suru
I feel like she is comparing him and me.
しんじる
to believe, to be confident of
Verb
Kare no hanashi wa shinjiru koto ga muzukashii.
It is difficult to believe his story.
Kanojo wa kare ga kanarazu seikou suru to shinjite iru.
She believes that he will definitely succeed.
むく
to look toward, to suit
Verb
Sono shigoto wa kare ni muite iru.
That job suits him well.
Kanojo wa hito to hanasu no ga muite iru.
She is good at talking to people.
かぞえる
to count
Verb
Jibun no ayamachi o kazoeru koto wa benkyou ni naru.
Counting one's own mistakes can be a learning experience.
Okane o kazoeru no wa, fuyukai na joukyou o sakeru tame ni juuyou de aru.
Counting money is important to avoid unpleasant situations.
のぼる
to climb (mountains, steps)
Verb
Kono yama o noboru no ni wa, tozan dougu ga hitsuyou da.
To climb this mountain, you need climbing equipment.
Choujou made noboru no ni wa san-jikan kurai kakaru deshou.
It will probably take about three hours to climb to the top.
とまる
to stay the night, to lodge
Verb
Tomodachi no ie ni tomaru koto ni natta.
I decided to stay at my friend's house.
Shigoto no tame, hoteru ni tomaru koto ga yoku aru.
I often stay at a hotel for work.
ねる
to go to bed, to lie down
Verb
Konya wa hayaku neru tsumori desu
I plan to go to bed early tonight.
Kinou wa osoku made okite ita node, hiruma ni sukoshi nemashita
Since I stayed up late yesterday, I took a short nap during the day.
うつす
to reflect
Verb
Kagami ni kao ga utsutte iru
My face is reflected in the mirror.
Kanojo wa kibou o kare no me ni utsushita
She reflected hope in his eyes.
すすめる
to suggest, to recommend
Verb
Kare wa watashi ni sono hon o susumemashita.
He recommended that book to me.
Anata ni kono eiga o zehi susumetai desu.
I'd really like to recommend this movie to you.
かわく
to get dry
Verb
Sentakumono ga kawaku no ni jikan ga kakaru
It takes time for the laundry to dry.
Kono basho wa kaze ga tsuyoi kara, sugu ni kami ga kawaku darou
The hair will dry quickly because it's windy in this place.
だく
to hug
Verb
Kare wa ookina yume o idaite iru.
He has a big dream.
Kanojo wa jibun no iken o idaku koto ga dekimasu.
She can hold her own opinion.
はらう
to pay, to sweep, to wipe, to pay attention
Verb
Kono shouhin wa takai o-kane o harau kachi ga aru.
This product is worth paying a high price for.
Watashi wa sono resutoran de shokuji-dai o haratte kara kaerimashita.
I paid for the meal at the restaurant and then went home.
とれる
to be taken (a photograph)
Verb
Kono kamera de kirei ni toreru shashin ga takusan aru.
There are many beautiful photos that can be taken with this camera.
Yakei ga totemo kirei ni toreru supotto o oshiete kudasai.
Please tell me a spot where I can take very beautiful night view photos.
まつ
to wait
Verb
Nagai jikan o matasareru no wa iya desu
I don't like being kept waiting for a long time.
Kare wa eki de watashi o matteita
He was waiting for me at the station.
ぶつかる
to hit, to face (difficulties), to fall on (dates)
Verb
Kare wa kabe ni butsukatte shimai, kega o shita
He bumped into the wall and got injured.
Chuusha shiyou to shiteita toki, betsu no kuruma to butsukatte shimatta
When I was trying to park, I accidentally hit another car.
もらう
to get, to receive, to marry
Verb
Kare kara purezento o moratta.
I received a present from him.
Tomodachi ni adobaisu o morau koto ga yaku ni tatta.
Getting advice from my friends was helpful.
まもる
to protect, to keep, to defend
Verb
Boku wa kazoku o mamoru tame ni hataraiteimasu
I am working to protect my family.
Jibun no iken o mamoru koto ga taisetsu da
It is important to stand by your own opinions.
うごく
to move, to change, to run
Verb
Dōro ga konde ite, kuruma ga nakanaka ugokanai.
The road is crowded, and the cars are not moving easily.
Neko ga nete iru node, sotto ugoite okosanai yō ni shimashita.
The cat was sleeping, so I moved gently so as not to wake it up.
あく
to open, to begin
Verb
Doa o hiraku ni wa kagi ga hitsuyou desu
You need a key to open the door.
Kanojo wa mado o aite shinsen na kuuki o ie ni ireta
She opened the window to let fresh air into the house.
ねむる
to sleep, to fall asleep
Verb
Maiban, juu-ji ni wa mou nemutte shimau.
Every night, I end up falling asleep by 10 o'clock.
Nemurenai yoru ga tsuzuite, taichou ga warukunatta.
My health deteriorated due to consecutive sleepless nights.
ふくめる
to include, to convince
Verb
Kyou no kaigi de wa, subete no iken o fukumeru tsumori desu
In today's meeting, I intend to include all opinions.
Kare no shumi ni wa, yakyuu o fukumeru to, mittsu arimasu
He has three hobbies, including baseball.
はく
to sweep
Verb
Yuka o haku no wa mainichi no shūkan desu.
Sweeping the floor is a daily habit.
Shū ni ichido, niwa o haku koto ga hitsuyō desu.
It is necessary to sweep the garden once a week.
はかる
to measure, to weigh
Verb
Shinchou o hakaru tame ni wa, sesuji o nobashite tatsu koto ga taisetsu desu
To measure your height, it is important to stand up straight with your back stretched.
Kēki o tsukuru toki, zairyou o seikaku ni hakaru koto ga taisetsu desu
When making a cake, it is important to accurately measure the ingredients.
はれる
to clear up, to be dispelled
Verb
Kyou wa yoku harete atatakai hi desu ne
Today is a clear and warm day, isn't it?
Ashita wa ame ga yande hareru rashii
It seems that tomorrow the rain will stop and it will clear up.
さける
to tear, to split
Verb
Kami ga sakeru hodo tsuyoku hipatta.
I pulled so hard that the paper tore.
Daichi ga sakeru you na jishin ga okotta.
An earthquake occurred as if the earth was tearing apart.
とおる
to pass, to pass through
Verb
Kono michi o tooru to, utsukushii sakura no namiki ga miraremasu.
If you go through this road, you can see beautiful cherry blossom trees lined up.
Maiasa, ekimae doori o tootte shigoto ni ikimasu.
I go to work every morning through the street in front of the station.
たてる
to build
Verb
Atarashii ie o tateru keikaku ga aru.
I have a plan to build a new house.
Kare wa kono tochi ni apaato o tateru koto ni kimeta.
He decided to build an apartment on this land.
たしかめる
to make sure, to check, to verify
Verb
Kaeru mae ni, kagi ga kakatte iru ka tashikamete kudasai
Please check if the key is locked before you go home.
Kare no hanashi ga hontou ka dou ka o tashikameru tame ni, jibun de shirabeta
I investigated it myself to verify whether his story was true or not.
かまう
to mind, to care
Verb
Tanin no iken ni kamawazu, jibun no shinjiru michi o susumu beki da
You should follow your own path without worrying about other people's opinions.
Kare wa tanin no waruguchi o ki ni kamawanakatta
He didn't care about other people's bad-mouthing.
とまる
to stop, to halt
Verb
Densha ga eki ni tomarimashita
The train stopped at the station.
Kuruma ga shingou de tomarimashita
The car stopped at the traffic light.
のる
to be printed, to be reported
Verb
Shinbun ni sono jiken ga notta
The incident was reported in the newspaper.
Kare no namae ga zasshi ni notte imashita
His name was listed in the magazine.
つける
to switch on
Verb
Kubi ni nekkuresu o tsukeru
Put a necklace around your neck.
Ryouri ni shio o tsukeru
Add salt to the dish.
とどける
to report, to notify, to send, to deliver
Verb
Nimotsu o yuubinkyoku ni todokeru.
Deliver the package to the post office.
Kare wa obaasan ni hana o todokemashita.
He delivered flowers to the grandmother.
よる
to draw near, to drop in
Verb
Kyūkei-chū ni kafe ni yotta.
I stopped by a cafe during my break.
Kanojo wa kare no ie ni yotte, eiga o mi ni iku tsumori da.
She's planning to stop by his house and go to watch a movie.
かくす
to hide, to cover (transitive)
Verb
Kare wa nanika o kakushite iru you da.
It seems like he is hiding something.
Kanojo wa egao de kokoro no itami o kakushita.
She hid her heartache behind a smile.
うつす
to copy
Verb
Kono e o enpitsu de utsusu
I will copy this painting with a pencil.
Kanojo wa jibun no kao o kagami ni utsutte iru sugata o kami ni utsushita
She copied the image of her face reflected in the mirror onto paper.
わたる
to cross, to be brought over
Verb
Shima kara shima e fune de wataru koto ga arimasu.
Sometimes, people travel from island to island by boat.
Tori ga umi o wataru toki ni, hijou ni nagai kyori o tobu hitsuyou ga arimasu.
When birds migrate across the ocean, they need to fly extremely long distances.
おくる
to send, to see off
Verb
Kanojo ni tanjoubi purezento o okuru tsumori desu
I'm planning to send her a birthday present.
Daigaku ni shorui o okuru hitsuyou ga arimasu
I need to send documents to the university.
かかる
to take, to hang
Verb
Konkai no shiai ni wa chiimu no meiyo ga kakatte iru.
The team's honor is at stake in this match.
Kare wa shigoto ni seikou suru ka dou ka, kono purojekuto ni kakatte iru.
Whether he succeeds in his job or not depends on this project.
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