Japanese essentials
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ちがう
to differ, to be wrong
Verb
Kare no iken to watashi no iken wa chigau.
His opinion and my opinion are different.
Kore wa kinou mita hon to chigau.
This is not the same book I saw yesterday.
そだてる
to bring up, to raise, to rear
Verb
Kodomo o kenkou ni sodateru koto ga oya no sekinin desu
It is a parent's responsibility to raise their child healthily.
Oya wa kodomo o shakaijin toshite sodateru beki da
Parents should raise their children to become members of society.
たずねる
to visit
Verb
Kanojo no ie o tazuneru toki, kanojo wa ureshisou datta.
When I visited her house, she seemed happy.
Tomodachi ga gaikoku ni ryuugaku shiteiru node, natsuyasumi ni tazune ni iku yotei da.
My friend is studying abroad, so I plan to visit them during the summer vacation.
とく
to dissolve
Verb
Tamago o yoku tokashite kara, komugiko o kuwaemasu.
Beat the eggs well before adding flour.
Gyunyuu ni yooguruto o tokashiireru.
Mix yogurt into the milk.
かわかす
to dry
Verb
Sētā o kawakasu tame ni taiyou no shita ni hosu
I hang the sweater under the sun to dry it.
Kami o taoru de karuku kawakasu
Lightly dry your hair with a towel.
やく
to burn, to grill
Verb
Sakana o yaite yuushoku ni shiyou.
Let's grill the fish for dinner.
Yakitate no pan ga oishii.
Freshly baked bread is delicious.
まよう
to be lost, to be in doubt, to be captivated
Verb
Dono michi o erandara ii ka mayotteimasu.
I am hesitating about which road to choose.
Shourai no shinro ni tsuite mayotteiru.
I am uncertain about my future path.
わたす
to hand, to give, to transfer
Verb
Kare ni purezento o watashimashita
I handed a present to him.
Shorui no taba o tsugi no hito ni watashite kudasai
Please pass the stack of documents to the next person.
さそう
to invite, to ask, to tempt
Verb
Kanojo wa tomodachi o paatii ni sasotta
She invited her friends to the party.
Eiga ni ikanai ka to kare wa watashi o sasotta
He invited me to go to the movies.
わすれる
to forget, to leave a thing behind
Verb
Wasureru koto naku, yakusoku o mamorimashou
Let's keep our promises without forgetting them.
Kare wa yoku namae o wasureru
He often forgets names.
なる
to become
Verb
Kare wa isha ni naru koto o yume mite iru.
He dreams of becoming a doctor.
Doryoku shite, itsuka seikou suru hito ni naritai desu.
I want to become a successful person someday through efforts.
まく
to sprinkle, to seed
Verb
Hanabira o maku
Scatter flower petals.
Tane o maku jiki ga kita
The time has come to sow seeds.
たつ
to be built
Verb
Atarashii ie o tatsu koto o kangaete iru
I am thinking about building a new house.
Kono chiiki ni wa takusan no apaato ga tatsu yotei da
Many apartments are planned to be built in this area.
やける
to be jealous
Verb
Yuushoku no yakizakana ga yakemashita.
The grilled fish for dinner got burned.
Haioku wo miru to, heya ga subete yaketeimashita.
When I saw the abandoned house, all the rooms were burned.
くる
to come, to arrive
Verb
Ashita tomodachi ga asobi ni kuru koto ni natta.
It has been decided that my friend is coming over to play tomorrow.
Kare wa kono ibento ni maitoshi kuru.
He comes to this event every year.
たべる
to eat, to live on
Verb
Kyou wa yasai ga takusan tabetai
I want to eat a lot of vegetables today.
Kare wa sushi o taberu no ga daisuki desu
He loves to eat sushi.
もうける
to set up
Verb
Kono heya ni mado o moukeru koto ni shita.
We decided to install a window in this room.
Kaisha wa juugyouin no tame ni kyuukei supeesu o moukemashita.
The company provided a break space for employees.
さく
to make (time), to cut
Verb
Jikan o saite benkyou ni shuuchuu shimashou.
Let's set aside time to focus on studying.
Kanojo wa shuumatsu ni jikan o saite borantia katsudou o shiteimasu.
She spends time volunteering on weekends.
やめる
to resign, to retire
Verb
Shigoto o yameru koto o kimemashita
I decided to quit my job.
Kare wa karou de kaisha o yameru koto ni natta
He had to quit the company due to overwork.
いる
to be, to stay
Verb
Kare ga heya ni iru.
He is in the room.
Watashi no tomodachi wa, Nihon ni iru.
My friend is in Japan.
でかける
to go out, to set off (to)
Verb
Ame ga futte iru node, kasa o motte dekakemasu
Since it is raining, I will go out with an umbrella.
Kyou wa tomodachi to kaimono ni dekakeru yotei desu
Today, I am planning to go shopping with my friend.
なく
to cry (birds, insects), to bark, to roar, to mew
Verb
Sono tori wa utsukushii uta o naku.
The bird sings a beautiful song.
Inu ga yonaka ni totsuzen naku node, okite shimatta.
The dog suddenly barked in the middle of the night, so I woke up.
とる
to catch
Verb
Ano sakana o torou to suru dansei wa totemo jouzu da.
The man trying to catch that fish is very skilled.
Kare wa tondéiru chōchō o toraeru koto ga dekita.
He was able to catch the flying butterfly.
やぶる
to beat, to defeat
Verb
Kare wa shiai de yabureta
He was defeated in the match.
Saigo no shunkan ni yabureru no wa totemo kuyashii
It is very frustrating to be defeated at the last moment.
すわる
to sit down, to take a seat
Verb
Kare wa sofa ni suwatte terebi o mite ita
He was sitting on the sofa watching TV.
Kanojo wa kusa o funde suwarikonda
She stepped on the grass and sat down.
あがる
to go up, to rise, to get nervous, to finish, to enter
Verb
Gakkou ga owaru to, jugyou no onryou ga agatta.
When school ended, the volume of the classes increased.
Kanojo ga uta o utaihajimeru to, shuui no tenshon ga agatta.
When she started singing, the tension around her increased.
あう
to match, to fit
Verb
Kokoro ga au tomodachi to nagai aida tsukiatte imasu
I have been in a long-term relationship with a friend whose hearts match mine.
Shokuzai ga umaku atte, oishii ryouri ga dekimashita
The ingredients combined well, resulting in a delicious dish.
のばす
to postpone, to extend
Verb
Shimekiri o nobasu koto ni shimashita
We decided to extend the deadline.
Kare wa te o nobashite aisatsu o shita
He reached out his hand and greeted.
あきる
to be tired of, to fed up with
Verb
Onaji shigoto o tsudzuketeiru to akiru koto ga aru
Continuing the same job can sometimes make you tired of it.
Kare wa kantan ni akiru seikaku desu
He has a personality that gets bored easily.
はかる
to attempt, to deceive
Verb
Kare wa sono mondai o kaiketsu suru houhou o hakaritte iru.
He is trying to figure out a way to solve the problem.
Yuujin to no kyori o chijimeru houhou o hakaranakereba naranai.
We need to figure out a way to close the distance with friends.
いる
to need
Verb
Kono shigoto ni wa tokubetsu na sukiru ga irimasu
This job requires special skills.
Ima sugu koko ni kite iru hito o oshiete kudasai
Please tell me who needs to come here right now.
うつ
to shoot
Verb
Kare wa tooku no mato o utsu no ga jouzu desu
He is good at shooting distant targets.
Juu de hannin o utsu mae ni, mazu koushou suru beki datta
Before shooting the criminal with a gun, we should have negotiated first.
まちがえる
to make a mistake
Verb
Mondai o machigaeru koto de, manabu koto ga dekiru
By making mistakes in problems, we can learn.
Youi ni machigaeru koto ga aru node, chuui shite kudasai
Please be careful, as it is easy to make mistakes.
こわれる
to be broken, to be damaged, to be out of order
Verb
Kare no jitensha wa furukute sugu ni kowareru
His bicycle is old and breaks easily.
Shashin no fure-mu ga ochite, kowarete shimatta
The photo frame fell and got broken.
わかれる
to part, to separate from, to be divided
Verb
Naganen no yuujin to michi ga wakareru koto ni natta
I ended up parting ways with a long-time friend.
Kono kousaten de migi ni wakarete kudasai
Please turn right at this intersection.
ことわる
to refuse, to decline, to ask permission, to warn
Verb
Kare no sasoi o kotowaru koto ni shita.
I decided to refuse his invitation.
Sono shigoto o hikiukeru ka kotowaru ka, mou sugu kimenakereba naranai.
I have to decide soon whether to take up or refuse that job.
しめる
to shut, to close, to tie, to fasten
Verb
Kaeru mae ni, mado to to o shimeru koto o wasurenai de kudasai
Before leaving, please don't forget to close the windows and doors.
Daiji na kaigi no junbi ga totonottara, shimekiri o shimeru koto ga hitsuyou desu
When the preparations for an important meeting are in order, it is necessary to close the deadline.
うたう
to sing
Verb
Kanojo wa utsukushii koe de utau.
She sings with a beautiful voice.
Kare wa bando de gitā o hikinagara utau.
He sings while playing the guitar in a band.
あける
the day breaks
Verb
Yoru ga akeru to, toritachi ga utaihajimeru
When the night breaks (dawn comes), the birds start singing.
Shinnen ga akeru to, minna de oiwai o shita
When the New Year came, everyone celebrated together.
やる
to do, to give, to send
Verb
Kono shigoto o yaru no wa kare ga tekinin da.
He is the right person to do this job.
Kare wa shukudai o yaru mae ni terebi o miru.
He watches TV before doing his homework.
くわえる
to hold in mouth
Verb
Kare wa pen wo kuwaete, ryoute wo tsukatte pasokon wo ugokashiteita.
He was holding a pen in his mouth and using both hands to operate the computer.
Kanojo wa koppu wo hakobu tame ni, sutorou wo kuchi ni kuwaeteita.
She was carrying a cup by holding a straw in her mouth.
いそぐ
to hurry
Verb
Densha ni noriokurenai you ni isoide eki e mukatta
I hurried to the station so I wouldn't miss the train.
Teishutsu kigen ga chikakatta node, kare wa repo-to o isoide kaita
Because the submission deadline was near, he hurriedly wrote the report.
にる
to look like, to resemble
Verb
Kare wa chichioya ni yoku niteiru.
He looks a lot like his father.
Kono e wa jitsubutsu ni niteimasu ne.
This painting looks like the real thing, doesn't it?
みつける
to find, to discover, to look for
Verb
Maigo no inu o mitsukeru koto ga dekimashita.
I was able to find the lost dog.
Kare wa kotae o mitsukeru doryoku o tsudzukemashita.
He continued to make efforts to find the answer.
あげる
to fly
Verb
Sakana o ageru no ni kono abura ga saiteki da.
This oil is perfect for frying fish.
Watashi wa poteto o ageru no ga jouzu desu.
I am good at frying potatoes.
のびる
to grow, to improve
Verb
Seichou ga hayaku, kare no shinchou wa sugu ni nobiru darou.
His growth is fast, so his height will likely grow quickly.
Kaminoke ga nobiru no ga hayasugite, yoku sanpatsu ni ikanai to ikemasen.
My hair grows too fast, so I have to get a haircut often.
やせる
to lose weight, to become thin, to become infertile
Verb
Daietto de ganbatte, 5-kiro yaseru koto ga dekimashita
I worked hard on my diet and managed to lose 5 kilograms.
Undou shinagara baransu no totta shokuji o kokorogake, sukoshi zutsu yaseru koto ga taisetsu da
While exercising, it's important to be mindful of a balanced diet and gradually lose weight.
つかむ
to catch, to grasp, to take hold of
Verb
Kare wa booru o tsukamu koto ga dekimasen deshita
He was unable to grab the ball.
Inu ni tabemono o tsukamarenai you ni, teeburu no ue ni oita
I put the food on the table so the dog couldn't grab it.
たのむ
to ask a person to do, to rely on, to reserve (tickets)
Verb
Kare ni sono shigoto o tanomu tsumori da.
I intend to ask him to do the job.
Nanika komatta koto ga attara, itsu demo watashi ni tanomu koto ga dekimasu.
If you ever have any problems, feel free to ask me for help.
こたえる
to have an effect on
Verb
Kare wa shitsumon ni kotaeru no ga jouzu desu
He is good at answering questions.
Sensei ni dasareta mondai ni kotaeru tame, isshoukenmei kangaemashita
I thought hard to answer the question given by the teacher.
ならべる
to line up, to arrange, to display
Verb
Hon o tana ni naraberu.
I arrange the books on the shelf.
Suupaa no shouhin o chinretsu tana ni naraberu.
I arrange the supermarket products on the display shelf.
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