Japanese essentials
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いきる
to live, to become alive
Verb
Ikiru chikara o motte iru
I have the power to live.
Konnan o norikoete ikiru koto ga, ningen no honshitsu da to omou
I believe overcoming difficulties and living is the essence of being human.
しらせる
to inform, to notify, to tell
Verb
Jiko ga okita node, sugu ni keisatsu ni shiraseru beki da.
Since an accident occurred, you should inform the police immediately.
Kanojo ni paatii ni kite hoshii to shirasete kudasai.
Please let her know that we would like her to come to the party.
とる
to get, to take, to steal
Verb
Denwa o toru tabi ni kanojo kara no messeeji deshita.
Every time I answered the phone, it was a message from her.
Kare wa boushi o totte keii o shimeshita.
He took off his hat to show respect.
こたえる
to answer, to respond
Verb
Sensei no shitsumon ni kotaeru.
Answer the teacher's question.
Kanojo wa shitsumon ni shoujiki ni kotaeta.
She answered the question honestly.
なくなる
to die, to pass away
Verb
Sofu ga senshuu nakunarimashita
My grandfather passed away last week.
Kare wa jiko de nakunatta
He died in an accident.
あう
to meet
Verb
Tomodachi ni au yakusoku o shiteiru
I have made a promise to meet my friend.
Raishuu ni mata aimashou
Let's meet again next week.
わたる
to range (from ~), to cover
Verb
Hashi ga kawa ni kakatte wataru.
The bridge crosses over the river.
Kare wa wataru no ni anzen na basho o sagashite iru.
He is searching for a safe place to cross.
ひろう
to pick up, to find
Verb
Michi de saifu o hirotta
I found a wallet on the road.
Ochiteiru gomi o hirotte mimashou
Let's pick up the trash that's fallen.
はじめる
to begin, to open (transitive)
Verb
Nihongo o benkyou shihajimeru koto ni shita
I decided to start learning Japanese.
Atarashii purojekuto o hajimeru yotei desu
I plan to start a new project.
ふとる
to put on weight
Verb
Undou busoku de futotte shimatta
I gained weight due to lack of exercise.
Toutou o torisugiru to futori yasui
Consuming too much sugar makes it easy to gain weight.
ちかづく
to approach, to get near, to associate with
Verb
Eki ni chikazuku ni tsurete hito ga fuete kita.
As we approached the station, the number of people increased.
Kanojo wa keikai shiteiru node, chikazuku no wa muzukashii.
She is on guard, so it's difficult to approach her.
のこす
to save, to leave behind
Verb
Watashi wa chuushoku o hanbun shika taberarezu, nokoshite shimatta
I couldn't eat even half of my lunch and left it unfinished.
Kono shigoto no kadai wa, ashita made ni subete no shiryou o kakunin shi, juuyou na ten dake o nokosu koto desu
The task of this job is to check all the materials by tomorrow and leave only important points.
おどる
to dance
Verb
Kinou no paatii de tanoshiku odorimashita
I danced happily at yesterday's party.
Kodomo-tachi wa ongaku ni awasete odotte iru
The children are dancing to the music.
みつかる
to be found, to be discovered
Verb
Maigo no neko ga toutou mitsukatta
The lost cat was finally found.
Saifu wa dekakeru mae ni mitsukatta
The wallet was found before going out.
やぶれる
to lose a game, to be defeated
Verb
Sono shiai de kare wa teki ni yabureta.
He lost to his opponent in that match.
Seitou wa senkyo de yabureru koto ga yosou sareta.
It was expected that the political party would lose in the election.
のびる
to be extended, to postpone
Verb
Kaigi ga yosougai ni jikan ga nobite shimatta
The meeting unexpectedly extended longer than anticipated.
Purojekuto no kigen ga mata nobiru koto ni natta
The project deadline has been extended again.
おく
to put, to keep, to leave
Verb
Hon o tsukue no ue ni oku.
I put the book on the desk.
Kare wa kagi o genkan ni oite dekaketa.
He left the key at the entrance and went out.
ふれる
to touch, to mention
Verb
Kanojo no hanashi ni fureru to, kare wa kanashisou ni mieta.
When her story was touched upon, he seemed sad.
Monogoto no shinsou ni fureru koto ga taisetsu desu.
It is important to touch on the truth of things.
できる
to be completed, can, to be made of
Verb
Dekiru dake hayaku henji o kudasai
Please reply as soon as possible.
Kare wa ryouri ga totemo jouzu ni dekiru
He can cook very well.
あける
to empty
Verb
Heya o akeru koto ni narimasu
I will have to vacate my room.
Kaigishitsu o isoide akeru you ni shite kudasai
Please make sure to vacate the meeting room as soon as possible.
にげる
to run away, to escape
Verb
Kare wa oikakerareru to, sugu ni nigeru.
When he is chased, he immediately runs away.
Neko ga totsuzen arawareta node, toritachi wa nigeta.
The birds fled when the cat suddenly appeared.
のぞく
to look in, to peep in
Verb
Kanojo wa mado kara nozoite mite, ame ga futte iru koto ni kizuita.
She peeked out the window and noticed that it was raining.
Otouto wa watashi no heya ni nozoki ni kuru no ga iya da.
I don't like it when my younger brother peeks into my room.
たおす
to trow down, to knock down, to defeat
Verb
Kare wa teki o taosu tame ni zenryoku o tsukushita.
He did his best to defeat the enemy.
Sono kousou biru o taosu koto wa hijou ni konnan desu.
It is very difficult to demolish that high-rise building.
さす
to pierce, to sting
Verb
Kusuri o sasu no wa kangoshi-san no shigoto desu
It is the nurse's job to inject medicine.
Kare wa toge ni yubi o sashite itagatteita
He was in pain after pricking his finger on a thorn.
あそぶ
to play, to enjoy oneself
Verb
Shuumatsu ni tomodachi to asobi ni iku yotei desu.
I plan to go out and play with my friends on the weekend.
Kodomo-tachi ga kouen de asonde iru.
The children are playing in the park.
こえる
to be fertile, fat
Verb
Kajou na esa de sakana ga koeru.
Fish become fat due to excessive feeding.
Sono tochi wa hijou ni koete ite, sakumotsu ga yoku sodatsu.
The land is very fertile, and the crops grow well.
はなす
to keep away
Verb
Kanojo no te o hanasu koto ga dekinakatta.
I couldn't let go of her hand.
Kodomo ga ochitsuku made me o hanasu na.
Don't take your eyes off the child until they calm down.
ひく
to pull, to draw (a line), to catch (a cold), to consult (a dictionary)
Verb
Denwa bangou o hiku.
Look up the phone number.
Kanojo wa doa o hiite shimeta.
She pulled the door closed.
おわる
to be finished, to be over
Verb
Kotoshi no natsu yasumi ga owaru no ga hayakatta
This year's summer vacation ended quickly.
Eiga wa, yoki shinai owarikata de owatta
The movie ended with an unexpected ending.
でる
to come out, to leave, to attend, to be published
Verb
Shiken ni deru tsumori wa arimasen
I don't intend to take the exam.
Ichiban deguchi kara deru to, sugu ni eki ga arimasu
When you exit from the first exit, the station is immediately there.
すすめる
to advance, to promote
Verb
Shigoto o keikaku doori ni susumeru koto ga juuyou desu
It is important to proceed with work according to plan.
Purojekuto o sumūzu ni susumeru tame ni, chīmuwāku ga taisetsu desu
Teamwork is essential for smoothly advancing a project.
つける
to put on, to fix
Verb
Tokei o tekubi ni tsukeru.
Put a watch on your wrist.
Shīru o nōto ni tsukeru.
Put a sticker on the notebook.
あるく
to walk
Verb
Kono michi o massugu aruku to, eki ni tsukimasu
If you walk straight on this road, you will arrive at the station.
Kyou wa shigoto ga owattara kouen o aruku tsumori desu
Today, I plan to walk in the park after finishing work.
だす
to put out, to
Verb
Kare wa shukudai o sensei ni dasu no o wasureta
He forgot to hand in his homework to the teacher.
Repōto wa kin'yōbi made ni teishutsu subeki da
The report should be submitted by Friday.
なおす
to correct, to fix, to change
Verb
Kare wa machigai o shiteki sareru to sugu ni naosu
When he is pointed out his mistakes, he fixes them immediately.
Michi ga magat te iru node, massugu ni naosu hitsuyou ga aru
The road is curved, so it needs to be straightened.
ふやす
to increase
Verb
Shuunyuu o fuyasu tame ni, fukugyou o hajimemashita
I started a side job to increase my income.
Kono purojekuto no seikou no tame ni, chiimu no menbaa o fuyasu koto ni narimashita
We decided to increase the number of team members for the success of this project.
きる
to wear, to put on, to take the blame for
Verb
Kyou wa donna fuku o kiru beki ka wakaranai
I don't know what clothes to wear today.
Kare wa itsumo kurai iro no kooto o kiru
He always wears dark-colored coats.
みる
to try
Verb
Kanojo no e o miru no ga suki desu
I like looking at her paintings.
Ashita, eiga o mi ni ikimashou
Let's go watch a movie tomorrow.
けす
to extinguish, to turn off, to erase, to disappear
Verb
Kare wa bōdo ni kakareta moji o keshimashita.
He erased the characters written on the board.
Kanojo wa machigatta kotae o nōto kara keshita.
She erased the wrong answer from her notebook.
いのる
to pray, to hope
Verb
Mina de buji o inorimashou
Let's all pray for safety.
Kare wa seikou o inotte imasu
He is praying for success.
あつまる
to get together, to assemble
Verb
Nakama-tachi ga kouen de atsumatte asonde ita
Friends gathered and played in the park.
Shuumatsu ni wa kazoku ga atsumatte yuushoku o tanoshimu
On weekends, the family gathers and enjoys dinner together.
よろこぶ
to be glad, to be delighted
Verb
Kanojo wa purezento o moratte yorokonda
She was delighted to receive the present.
Kare wa puromōshon no shirase o kiite yorokonde ita
He was pleased to hear about the promotion.
おしえる
to teach, to tell, to show
Verb
Sensei wa seito ni atarashii tango o oshieru.
The teacher teaches new words to the students.
Kanojo wa watashi ni ryouri o oshiete kuremashita.
She taught me how to cook.
こむ
to be crowded, to come in (attached to a verb), to put in
Verb
Densha ga konde ite, naka ni hairu no ga taihen datta
The train was crowded, and it was difficult to get inside.
Shigoto ga isogashiku nari, kangaegoto ni komiitte shimatta
Work became busy, and I got deeply immersed in my thoughts.
めだつ
to be outstanding, to be remarkable
Verb
Kare wa paatii de medatsu fuku o kite ita.
He was wearing attention-grabbing clothes at the party.
Sono akai kasa wa ame no naka de totemo medachimasu.
That red umbrella stands out in the rain.
あやまる
to make a mistake
Verb
Kare wa shitsumon ni kotaeru no o ayamarimashita
He made a mistake in answering the question.
Ayamari yasui mondai de ki o tsukete kudasai
Please be careful with problems that are easy to make mistakes in.
てつだう
to help, to assist
Verb
Tomodachi ga hikkoshi no nizumori wo tetsudatte agemashita.
I helped my friend with packing for the move.
Kanojo wa itsumo watashi ga komatta toki tetsudatte kureru.
She always helps me when I'm in trouble.
おさえる
to reserve
Verb
Kare wa kanojo no te o osaeru no ni seikou shita
He succeeded in holding her hand.
Mosei de pointo o osaeru koto ga taisetsu desu
It's important to cover all the key points in a mock exam.
なく
to cry (people)
Verb
Kanojo wa kanashikute naite shimatta
She was so sad that she cried.
Kodomo ga itami de naite iru
The child is crying because of pain.
あやまる
to apologize
Verb
Kare wa misu o shita ato, sugu ni ayamarimashita.
After making a mistake, he apologized immediately.
Chikoku shita koto o sensei ni ayamaru beki desu.
You should apologize to the teacher for being late.
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