Processing keyword: ~지만 [jiman] (But)

Korean Grammar Point: ~지만 [jiman] (But)

Korean TOPIK Grammar Point: ~지만 [jiman] (But)

1. Introduction

The Korean conjunction ~지만 (jiman) is used to express contrast or contradiction between two statements. It is equivalent to the English word "but." This grammar point will help learners convey opposing ideas or nuances in discussions.

2. Core Grammar Explanation

Detailed Explanation

The structure of ~지만 involves two clauses: the first presents one idea or fact, while the second introduces a contrasting idea or fact.

Structure

• Formula: [Statement 1] + 지만 + [Statement 2]
• Example: 이 책은 재미있지만 비쌉니다. (This book is interesting, but it is expensive.)

Formation Diagram

[Statement 1] + ~지만 + [Statement 2]

3. Comparative Analysis

Similar Grammar Points

• ~아/어도 (a/eodo): This also indicates contrast but emphasizes the allowance of the first statement causing the occurrence of the second.
• Example: 비가 와도 갈 거예요. (Even if it rains, I will go.) Difference:
• ~지만 is straightforwardly contrasting, while ~아/어도 implies permission or ability despite the first condition.

4. Examples in Context

Sentence Examples

1. Formal Context:

   • 이 영화는 재미있지만 길어요.
     (This movie is interesting, but it is long.)

2. Informal Context:

   • 그 사람은 착한데 멍청해.
     (That person is kind, but they’re silly.)

3. Written Context:

   • 연구 결과는 긍정적이지만, 추가적인 검증이 필요합니다.
     (The research results are positive, but further verification is needed.)

4. Spoken Context:

   • 오늘은 날씨가 좋지만, 내일 비 올 거 같아.
     (The weather is nice today, but it looks like it will rain tomorrow.)

5. Cultural Notes

Cultural Relevance

In Korean communication, expressing contrast is often tied to politeness and humility. Using ~지만 carefully can help convey humility when acknowledging multiple perspectives.

Idiomatic Expressions

• 하지만 그렇다고 해서 (hajiman geureohda-go haeseo): "But that doesn’t mean…"
  • Example: 이건 맛있지만 그렇다고 해서 많이 먹지는 마세요.
    (This is delicious, but that doesn’t mean you should eat a lot.)

6. Common Mistakes and Tips

Error Analysis

1. Omitting ~지만:
   • Mistake: "이 책은 비싸요 이 책은 재미있어요."
   • Correct: "이 책은 비싸요, 하지만 재미있어요."
     (This book is expensive; but it is interesting.)

Learning Strategies

• Mnemonic Device: Think of ~지만 like a 'bridge' connecting two contrasting ideas.

7. Summary and Review

Key Takeaways

• ~지만 is used for contrasting two ideas.
• It can be used in formal and informal settings.
• Understanding nuance is important for effective communication.

Quick Recap Quiz

1. Translate to Korean: "I am tired, but I will continue working."
2. True or False: ~지만 can only be used in informal situations.
3. Give a sentence using ~지만 comparing two different animals.

By mastering the use of ~지만, learners can effectively articulate contrasts and nuances in their conversations, thus enhancing their communication skills in Korean.